‘Bowling Alone The Collapse and Revival of American...

‘Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community’ by Robert Putnam In his book, ‘Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community’, Robert Putnam discusses ways in which Americans have disengaged from political involvement and civil organisations. Much of his reasoned writing is corroborated by a collation of graphs and figures to explain the quality of American community. In this essay I shall evaluate the proof offered by Putnam to support his claim that community is in a decline in the U.S. To do this I must first provide a working definition of ‘community,’ a term with wide implications and varied definitions depending on the context of its usage. Putnam uses it†¦show more content†¦Census Bureau (Associated Press, 1991). Otherwise known as suburbanisation or urban sprawl, Putnam is critical of this trend and goes so far as to call it ‘deadly for a community’ (Putnam, 2003). He argues that as people live further from their place of work they spend more and more time commuting betwee n the two, thus reducing the time they have to develop relationships and community ties at either end and creating a conflict of allegiance where it is unclear where you should be basing your community. IT and transportation developments have habitually been seen to lift people out of their reliance on local community and can further differentiate home life and work life from each other and from the wider community. Wirth predicted the major problems and dissatisfactions of people living in suburbs in the 1930s, arguing that they were becoming depersonalized, isolated and alienating, the lack of distance between people leading to a ‘melting-pot’ effect whereby primary relationships are broken down (Wirth, 1964). These ideas were taken up by Whyte who believed the suburbs attracted a particular type of person, a white-collar worker who transformed the suburb into the home of the alienated man. However, it could be argued that issues regarding a person’s place of residence remain at the heart of the population’s concerns,Show MoreRelatedThe Collapse And Revival Of American Community By Robert Putnam1382 Words   |  6 Pages In his famous book Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community, Robert Putnam charted the decline in social capital and social institutions since the 1950s while arguing that a vibrant and successful democracy ultimately requires significant engagement from a wide segment of its population. This argument was something that even concerned Tocqueville (2006) regarding the American Experiment. Tocqueville marveled in the strengths of organizations such as the church in America. HoweverRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book David Garland 1513 Words   |  7 Pagesout; but if the heat is turned up gradually, it sits there without noticing until it boils to death. In our case - our in the book refers to Britain and the United Stat es - most of us have failed to notice a quite rapid turning-up of the heat. Americans, Garland observes, now seem accustomed to living in a country that executes an average of more than two people per week and has a prison population of more than 2 million. Britons, with extraordinarily little protest, have adjusted to living withRead MoreThe Internet s Impact On Social Capital1375 Words   |  6 Pagesdefinition of social capital must be clarified. Former president of the American Political Science Association, Robert Putnam explains in his book Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community that â€Å"social capital refers to connections among individuals† and the mutual benefits that arise from these connections- a society with remunerative or moral â€Å"isolated individuals is not necessarily rich in social capital† (Putnam 18). To assess the Internet’s impact on social capital the ways ofRead MoreSocial Capital Essay3082 Words   |  13 PagesSocial Capital Social capital has gained tremendous popularity in recent years, driven in large part by the work of James Coleman, Pierre Bourdieu, and Robert Putaman. This increased attention for social capital is evident among several research topics, conference papers, dissertations, and educational journals. Social capital is the name given to a store of value generated when a group of individuals invests resources in fosteringRead MoreThe Role of the Media in Influencing Political Attitudes in a Democracy2208 Words   |  9 Pagessource of countervailing information depending on the candidate the media supports. Putnam’s argument Putnam views political awareness from the generation point of view. Depending on the year a person was born and the different factors that surrounded the birthdate so is the person’s level of political awareness. There has been declining level of political awareness since the World War II (Putnam, 114). The lack of political engagement can be attributed to lack of galvanizing the people to a commonRead MoreIncome Inequality in the United States Essay3271 Words   |  14 Pagesdemocratically governed counties. The idea of the American dream is that all citizens have equal civil liberties and a responsive government. However the effectiveness of democracy is being threatened by increasing inequality in the United States. â€Å"The dominant view holds that economic development and modernization are the key to the continued growth of democracy† (Snider and Faris 2001; United Nations, 2011). In the last decade especially the American Society has had significant moments of increasingRead MoreWhat Is Entertainment?7217 Words   |  29 Pagesâ€Å"republic of entertainment† (11). Many Americans seem to feel entitled to high-quality entertainment (Zillmann and Vorderer viii), and more and more entertainment jostles for their attention (Wolf 46). Zillmann goes so far as to predict that entertainment â€Å"will define, more than ever before, the civilizations to come† (â€Å"Coming of Media Entertainment† 18). The importance of entertainment can be gauged by a study conducted by Brock and Livingston (259). They asked 115 American undergraduates how much moneyRead MoreFactors Affecting Good Governance in Pakistan5795 Words   |  24 Pagesassociations enhance the capacity of people to work together. By helping residents to overcome combined action problems, trust and membership in voluntary associations are recognized as important factors in building the basis for responsive governance (Putnam 1993, 2000). World Bank has described the concept of good governance in various dimensions such as rule of law, government effectiveness, regulatory quality and control of corruption. These dimensions cover the whole society and economic sectors ofRead MoreFactors Influence Consumer Adoption Of Dropbox5973 Words   |  24 Pagessame time frame, as the sharing economy continues its stunning rise. These key sectors – peer-to-peer finance, online staffing, peer-to-peer accommodation, car sharing and music/video streaming – are continuing to grow at a rapid rate. Economist Robert Vaughn believe that the economy is showing no sign of slowing down. Vaughn explains, â€Å"the sharing economy is a result of a long term megatrends colliding together, driven mainly by advances in technology, resources scarcity and social change. OverRead MoreDissertation-Viral Marketing27075 Words   |  109 Pages ï‚ § The vast majority of developing world yet to adopt smart phones (India hasn’t even start deploying 3G infrastructure yet) ï‚ § New business and revenue models are continuously emerging (Mobile Ad market was worth $877 million in the US alone and is predicted to rise to $3bn by 2013 (Kim 2010) ) ï‚ § The smart phone penetration is growing rapidly (Alarcon 2009) (Blandford 2010) This change is happening at a fast pace (Perez 2010) and there is little written about the particular challenges

What Are Cosmetic Surgery - 1881 Words

On the other hand, cosmetic surgery can help certain individuals look younger, so they can have more opportunities throughout their lives. Those who believe they do not meet the standards of beauty can many times risk job discrimination and have mediocre relationships (Griswold and Driscoll 2). Procedures will help those whose income depends on keeping a specific look (Hilton 44). Some careers depend on physical appearance in order to make a living (Beggan). In certain workplaces, meeting beauty standards is extremely important. Occupations such as a model, actor or any job that requires being in front of a camera, or even merchandising beauty products demands a perfect body and face. However, even careers that are not as prestigious seem†¦show more content†¦Research has shown that there is a halo effect in the corporate world when it comes to job interviews. The effect can often sway the interviewer s decision (Griswold and Driscoll 2). In the halo effect, those that are more attractive or younger looking often get chosen for the job because they are recognized to be more knowledgeable and have more social skills (Griswold and Driscoll 2). Many people think that having a cosmetic procedure done can help get and keep a job (Beggan). Seventy-three percent of women believe that beauty is an important role in the job world, especially during rough times in the economy. In fact, thirteen percent of women say they have considered going under the knife in order to help further their careers and three percent of women say they have already had cosmetic surgery in the hopes of guaranteeing their spot in their workplace. Another way that cosmetic surgery could help in a person’s life, is through their relationships (Griswold and Driscoll 2). Many times, people are judged based on their looks and first impressions. Because of this, cosmetic surgery is often necessary. Studies have shown that people tend to pursue a relationship based on how appealin g the other person is, or how beautiful they make themselves to be (Griswold and Driscoll 2). It is in human nature to pursue an attractive person in order to continue the human race. Of course, inner beauty is also important in a relationship, but the fact is, looks

On Being a Musician Essay Example For Students

On Being a Musician Essay Since we all played different instruments e figured out amazing ways to mock a door being knocked, the evil queen planning her sinister plan, and the iconic song the dwarfs always sing. Through the skit we had to work together and learn a lot about everyone in order for it to be astounding. We were all connected at that moment not because we were all stuck in the same place, but because we were young musicians passionate about what we do and relate to each other. For example, Yesterday we had rehearsal and as I was sitting in my seat I looked around the room of San Notations most talented players and realized hat we werent there because our parents made us, but because we enjoy bringing great pieces to life through our instruments. Playing each note I feel the music and I enjoy that feeling of accomplishment and refuge in what I love doing. Unfortunately, some people see being a musician as a lame activity or a waste of time. They use semantics such as performer and entertainer, we dont prance around or sing we make music with instruments making us musicians. I made the decision to be a musician when I told my mom at three years old that I wanted to play the piano. I not sure why I said that, but ever since then I have stuck with it and it is a tremendous part of my life. To be honest, I prefer using the word musician it is a straightforward term for someone who uses a physical instrument to give life to our world. To me a, performer is someone whooshing or acts on a stage like they are contained in a small creative box. As a person involved in fine arts, you need to be able to push outside of those creative boundaries. But, I especially dislike the animosity of the word entertainer. An entertainer makes people seem like a show animal at a circus with no meaning. They practice and work Just as hard as anyone else, but arent specifically musicians. Whatever term people use to describe or say what I do doesnt matter to me as long as I know that I am a musician. Of course I haven always been a musician, but notably it has been one of the best blessings in my life. It has brought me happiness, created great memories, been a fortress, given me a loving group of friends that I consider family, awards and recognition I didnt know existed, and a possible Job in my future. Of course these are great things I have received from it, but it isnt always fine and dandy. It always comes with a price of course , long countless hours of practice, aches in your body, and calluses on your fingers. Being an outcast, not being appreciated by others who just dont get it, people always telling you its not a real Job. By Inanely-Rodriguez passionate about. I definitely look at my orchestra directors as a perfect example of that, they are always happy and excited to teach and learn new music, sometimes even more than us. My teachers always tell me dont put yourself in something if youre not going to give 100 percent. I completely agree. Why am I going to be ascribable in an office if I dont like it. The time I realized I wanted to become a musician was not when I was three and I told my mom to put me in lessons. It was in middle school, when my father attended my first concert after I had switched from violin to double bass. He said as he was watching me play he could see himself as a child when he was in band. He explained that he regretted not following his passion of being a music director and now he is stuck in an office. At that point I realized I was going to stick to my passion no matter what anyone said or did. .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb , .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb .postImageUrl , .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb , .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb:hover , .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb:visited , .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb:active { border:0!important; } .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb:active , .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud6e543ad47518465585ae5d0ae581dbb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Music and Concert Analysis EssayMusic is a wonderful thing to do and have the ability to do it is a blessing in disguise. My favorite saying is by Artier Shaw, Life without music can only be seen in black and white. It takes music to add the color. this quote is exactly how being a musician is special and has a great impact on our everyday lives. The dictionary says that the antonym for music is silence. However the great composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, said music is not in the notes, but in the silence. Music is all around us you cant escape it that is the beauty of being a musician, I am a Musician.

Alzheimers D isease Essay Example For Students

Alzheimers D isease Essay AlzheimersDisease Darina Vrublevskaya Mrs. Orlovsky SBI 3U1 Tuesday, April 18, 2017 Introduction Alzheimers disease is completelyirreversible, affecting nerve cells of the brain and leading to severe memory impairment and progressive loss of mental abilitiesin elderly(Encyclopedia Britannica, 2017).The disease most commonly affects those after the age of 65, but can still be diagnosed earlier.There is an estimated 26 millionpeople worldwide living with the condition today, making it a threat to public health since the populations are tremendously rising (Cruchaga, et al,2014, vol. (17)9 1138+).By age 85, it is expected that half of all people will have Alzheimers (Hoyle, 2014).Alzheimers is the most common form of dementia.Dementia is a variety of symptoms including memory loss, confusion, difficulties communicating, reasoning, and coordinating.Thedisease got so serious, thattotal cost of dementia is $818 million (USD) and is expected to reach $1 trillion (USD) by 2018 (Liv, et al, 2 017, vol. (6) 1). The name of the disease comes from Dr. Alois Alzheimer who waspsychiatrist and a neuropathologistthatdiscovered the disease in 1907(Alzheimer Society Canada, 2016). Alois studied one of his patients whosepersonality and mental abilities were obviously detoriating; sheforgot things, became paranoid, and acted strangely(World of Genetics,Gale,2013). His researchrevealed two types of lesionsafterobserving parts of her brain through a microscope.Aloisfound senileplaques,which areabnormalclusters of protein fragments thatbuild up between nerve cells. He also discovered neurofibrillary tanglesthatdestroy a vital cell transport system made of proteins. Etiology There are various different ways to detect Alzheimers disease. In fact, victims tend to have shrunken brains which affect the brains function. This shrinkage occurs due to loss of brain cells. In order to detect the disease, there are blood tests that measure increased proteinamounts in certain white blood cells a nd also tomography that detects levels of enzyme in cerebrospinal fluid (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2017). The spinal fluid is found to predict Alzheimer disease development in persons with early loss of memory and confirm existing Alzheimer disease in persons who already hadsymptoms of the disease (World of Genetics,Gale,2016). There are two ways a person can get the disease, through a family member or due to environmental factors.Familial Alzheimers is extremely rare and entirely inherited, as the genes are mutatedthatdevelopabnormal characteristics (Liv, et al, 2017). Achild whose parent has Alzheimers has a half chance of inheriting the disease-causing gene (Friedman,et al,2016). Sporadic Alzheimers disease isthemost commonof receiving the disease. Ithas no specific family link since it develops due tothe environmentand lifestyle(Cruchaga,et al,2014, vol. 17(9) 1138+).Familial Alzheimers cannot be prevented because it runs in ones genes. However, sporadic Alzheimers can possibly be prevented if a healthy lifestyle is maintained.Its important that those who are young take care of themselves until old age, in order to reduce the risk of developing Alzheimers or any other disease. There are three types of stages of the disease:theearly stage,themiddle stage, and the late stagein Alzheimers disease.The early stage includes mild impairment due to symptoms such as forgetfulness, communication difficulties, and changes in mood and behavior (Alzheimer Society Canada, 2016).The individuals who are in themiddle stage,battle with intuition related and usefulcapacities and require help many tasks(Gilmour, et al, 2016,27(5), 11+). The late stage is known as theseverestage;when anindividual might be not abletakecare forthem,and really requireconstant supervision and help (Bali, et al, 2010,13(6), 89). Alzheimers develops in the brain.Before the appearance of the symptoms, senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles form in the brain.The brain is made up of neurons that are interconnected to form a vast network. These connections, known as synapses enable the transmission of information from one neuron to another. Senile plaques are composed of amyloid betaprotein and neurofibrillary tangles are composed of tauprotein (Friedman,et al,2016).The senile plaque is formedon the surface of the neuronwherelarge proteinfreestheamyloid beta. Amyloid beta is then cleared in the body. In Alzheimers, there is imbalance as the beta protein is no longer regulated and is found in a greaterquantity(Bali,et al,2010,13(6), 89).The amyloid beta then assembles to form senile plaques.Senile plaques are found in the cortex of the brain in the hippocampus and then reach the whole brain, surrounding nerve cells in the part of the brain that allows access to emotions and mood(Ledford, 2011,469(7331),458). .uafacfd35b6919d36de6b4a6cf58bd28a , .uafacfd35b6919d36de6b4a6cf58bd28a .postImageUrl , .uafacfd35b6919d36de6b4a6cf58bd28a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uafacfd35b6919d36de6b4a6cf58bd28a , .uafacfd35b6919d36de6b4a6cf58bd28a:hover , .uafacfd35b6919d36de6b4a6cf58bd28a:visited , .uafacfd35b6919d36de6b4a6cf58bd28a:active { border:0!important; } .uafacfd35b6919d36de6b4a6cf58bd28a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uafacfd35b6919d36de6b4a6cf58bd28a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uafacfd35b6919d36de6b4a6cf58bd28a:active , .uafacfd35b6919d36de6b4a6cf58bd28a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uafacfd35b6919d36de6b4a6cf58bd28a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uafacfd35b6919d36de6b4a6cf58bd28a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uafacfd35b6919d36de6b4a6cf58bd28a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uafacfd35b6919d36de6b4a6cf58bd28a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uafacfd35b6919d36de6b4a6cf58bd28a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uafacfd35b6919d36de6b4a6cf58bd28a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uafacfd35b6919d36de6b4a6cf58bd28a .uafacfd35b6919d36de6b4a6cf58bd28a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uafacfd35b6919d36de6b4a6cf58bd28a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How Many Pages is 600 Words? Neurofibrillarytangles are formed when a neuron communicates with another. When it does, a signal travels within the body known as soma, to the synapse to transferinformation (Gilmour, 2016, 27(5), 11+).The signal passesthrough the neuron composed of microtubules. These microtubulesare normal tau protein.In Alzheimers, they become defective, and the neuron collapses and the connection between neurons are lost (Friedman. 2016).The two lesions spreadthroughoutthe brain. However, neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques do not follow the same pathway.Neurofibrillarytangles first develop in the region called hippocampus which is essential to memo ry and learning (World of Genetics,Gale,2013). They then reach the whole brain, and theprocesscorresponds with the symptoms of the disease. Conclusion Alzheimersdisease is a devastating condition, currently without an effective cure, treatment or preventions that robs people from their memories and abilities(Cruchaga,et al,2014, vol. (17)9 1138+).Emotions and mood is strongly impacted and individuals may lose interest in activities they use to enjoy, as well as become less expressive to those around them (Alzheimer Society Canada, 2016).Currently,the cause of the disease is not quite exactly known, but there are many different believable supporting theories behind the cause. Its saddening how loved ones do not get a chance to say goodbyebefore ones memory is lost.Millions of families grieve due to the Works Cited Alzheimer disease. (2017).In Encyclopedia Britannica.Retrieved from http://school.eb.com/ Alzheimer Society Canada. (2017). Find Alzheimer Societies in Canada. Retrie ved from http://www.alzheimer.ca/ Bali, J., Halima, S., Felmy, B., Goodger, Z., Zurbriggen, S., ; Rajendran, L. (2010).Cellular basis of Alzheimers disease.Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology,13(6), 89. Retrieved fromhttp://go.galegroup.com/ Hao, W., ; Friedman, A. (2016). Mathematical model on Alzheimers disease.BMC Systems Biology,10(1). Retrieved fromhttp://link.galegroup.com/ Hoyle, B. (January 15, 2014). Alzheimers disease,The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (5th ed.).Retrieved fromhttp://link.galegroup.com/ Ledford, H. (January 27, 2011). Alzheimersdisease probe nears approval: imaging technique could help to resolve questions about brain plaques associated with the condition.Nature,469(7331), 458. Retrieved fromhttp://link.galegroup.com/ Lord., J ; Cruchaga., C. (September, 2014). The epigenetic landscape of Alzheimers disease.Nature Neuroscience,17(9) 1138+. Retrieved fromhttp://link.galegroup.com/ Wong,L.,Gilmour, H., ; Ramage-Morin,L. (2016). Alzheimers disease and o ther dementias in Canada.Health Reports,27(5), 11+. Retrieved from http://link.galegroup.com/ Xiao, T., Zhang, W., Pan, C., Liv, X., ; Shen, L. (February 2, 2017). The role of exosomes in the pathogenesis of Alzheimers disease.Translocational Neurogeneration,(6) 1. Retrieved fromhttp://www.researchgate.net World of Genetics, Gale, Science in Context,2013.Alzheimer Disease. Retrieved from http://www.link.galegroup.com/