Management of Autism spectrum disorder in children - 3025 Words

Management of Autism spectrum disorder in children (Dissertation Introduction Sample) Content: Management of Autism spectrum disorder in children Introduction The autism is a broad term and it illustrates a disorder of brain that influences communication and social interaction and frequently results in the stereotyped and repetitive behavior. This disorder appears during the initial stages of life and usually remains throughout the life. It is basically an enigmatic and complex disturbance of the function of brain and is described as the primary areas of particular abnormalities in mutual interaction, repetitive behavior and communication. It has been examined that there are number of factors responsible for ASD such as environmental, metabolic and genetic factors with particular causes being illustrated in the in less than 11% cases (Nicholas, 2014, p.n.d). The children who are influenced by autism are poor in the social communication, social interaction and repetitive behaviors, the children are unable to make eye to contact, and they are not able to read the facial expressions. It has been studied by Centre of Disease Control that about 40% of the individuals who are influenced by ASD not able to communicate with their friends and family and it is also concluded such children are not capable to comprehend the language (Mao, 2007, p.64). The occurrence of ASD has been increased during the past few years and it has been studied that one out of 111 children below age 8 suffer from autism. It has been examined by a research that in Korea the rate of incidence of ASD is about 2.6% or among 38 children one is affected by this disorder, which illustrates a 57% enhance from the year 2002 (Solomon, 2008, pp.1474-1484). The awareness has been generated among the people about ASD therefore children from autism can be easily diagnosed and the autism can be understood predominantly in this advanced era. The most commonly used diagnostic methodology for autism is ADOS "Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule" which is a sort of interactive assessment conducted by a qualified examiner. This assessment comprises of four modules and appropriate section is selected on the basis of age and communicative level of language of the individual being observed (Mao, 2007, p.64). Module 1 is planned for the nonverbal and young children and module 4 is designed for the adults who suffer from autism. The instructor communicates with the children or adults in a variety of developmentally suitable tasks and achieves particular behaviors according to the set criteria. The diagnosis of autism has been considered as an essential element for the treatment. This diagnosis of autism was modified and "Autism Diagnostic Interview - Revised" was introduced, the interview comprised of 93 questions associating to the current behaviors and skills (Levy and Hyman, 2008, pp.803-820). The scores were determined on the basis of progress in communication, stereotyped, social interaction and repetitive behaviors of the individual. It was evaluated that "Autism Diagnostic Interview ADI-R and "Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)" when used in combination gave reliability and accuracy of diagnosis of ASD. The outcomes of ADOS and ADI-R diagnosis were compared by the two researchers and it was examined that it was found to be significant in stimulating the language and cognitive capabilities in the individuals with autism (Baird, 2003, pp.488-493). For the therapeutic purpose of autism many interventions have been recommended and have also found successful in the treatment of children with autism, it has also been studied that along with the interventions these children also need the moral support of their family, friends and care givers. For the management of ASD in children the most significant approaches are behavioral approaches and interventions of medical that will be discussed in this article. Behavioral interventions for the management of autism This approach has been illustrated by Skinner in the theory in 1935, it has been described that all approaches should be learned. The positive and negative reinforcement should be utilized to verify the conditioning, behavioral and operant responses by the process of associative learning (Wong and Smith, 2006, pp.901-909). The instructional strategies are also present in this intervention to treat the children affected by autism. These interventions have been considered as the promotion of the acquisition of the knowledge and skills to help children in developing the individual and independent responsibility; it does not only include academic information but also comprises communication, adaptive skills, generalization and socialization of the capabilities across various environments (Bozkus-Genc, 2007, pp.1655-1661). The clinicians and physicians are frequently in a state to guide the families of those children to support and help them in evaluation of the appropriateness of the services that are offered. It has been examined that in the past two decades programs and researches have contributed widely in the interventions of behavior for the children with autism (Kasari, 2006, pp.611-62). These interventions have been found to be significant in the development of communication skills in the children with autism and produced better results. It has been examined that a number of particular methodologies have been utilized in the educational plans for the children with autism. Many strategies have been proposed to enhance the communication and social skills in the children such as behavioral approaches. The behavioral approaches comprise of applied behavioral analysis and picture exchange communication, developmental strategies comprised of influence of computer based programs that will be discussed. Applied behavioral approaches This approach has been illustrated as a systematic approach and it has been examined that environmental factors are responsible to cause significant affect on the children with autism. To improve the particular skills and to suppress the undesired actions in the children this approach has been adopted (McConnell, 2002, pp.351-372). This approach has been considered as the procedure in which the interventions are applied depend upon the standards of learning consequent from the practical psychology study to change the behavior systematically and to illustrate that the interventions utilized are accountable for the improvements observed in behavior. These approaches are used to enhance and sustain the desirable behaviors that have been adopted, decrease or narrow the circumstances under which they transpire, illustrate advance skills and common behaviors to new situations and environment (Kasari, 2006, pp.611-62). ABA concentrates on the consistent measurement and point evaluation of the apparent behavior within appropriate settings consisting the school, home and community. It has been examined by research that behavioral approach is a scientific analysis to understand the behavior depend upon the standards of operant and respondent conditioning. This approach comprises of behavioral analysis application and standards of the learning hypothesis to decrease or eliminate the complications of behaviors and also demonstrate advance skills (Nickels, 2010, p.n.d).  . The ancestor consequences and conditions of behavior are examined and manipulated as well as the principles of negative and positive shaping, reinforcement and fading are utilized to reduce or increase the target activities. The positive support is used to reinforce a behavior by considering that attitude with something that is valued or desired. The skills are racked into minute steps and the children with ASD are provided opportunities to learn advance skills with collaboration (Kasari, 2006, pp.611-62). The applied behavioral analysis has been considered as most efficient intervention for the children with ASD. The affect of behavioral approach has been examined by research and 5 children suffering from autism were considered. The influence of the ABA was analyzed through studies and positive response was documented by this intervention (Sherer, 2005, pp.525-538). The skills of communication were improved in the children with autism. The training was done is such a manner that children with ASD were illustrated an object by the examiner such as analyst seized a toy and the individuals were told that "Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a toy" during the period of therapy appropriate attention was observed during the course of intervention. Picture exchange communication The system of picture exchange (PECS) was introduced by Frost and Bondy to illustrate the self-initiated practical communication in the individuals with autism. This strategy primarily concentrates on training the child to pass a picture to communication colleague in swap for a preferred activity or item (Mahatmya, 2008, pp.106-108). There are six stages in picture exchange communication which are exchange of picture, increased space, discrimination of picture, and construction of sentence, questionsresponding and commenting. It has been observed that in the initial four stages the focus is basically given on illustrating the child of how to use a character for making a request, whereas the last two concentrate on expanding the variety of functional communication used by the adolescent. The children were also trained to answer a question and to make direct contact of eye during this intervention the children were primarily taught to develop the confidence that would increase their skills of communication (Marckel, 2006, pp.100-115).It has been determined by study that by the approach of picture exchange communication weakness and strengths of children with autism can be determined. This intervention also helps to elucidate the perplexities of the pronunciation and anxiety that should be demonstrated by the methodology of communication and can also be used in the in the practical assessmen...

Essay Samples of Why a Student Wants to Attend a Certain College

<h1>Essay Samples of Why a Student Wants to Attend a Certain College</h1><p>Many individuals who wish to facilitate their training to get on edge about papers since they have an inclination that it won't help them in their profession. Then again, they may likewise feel that their folks never give them criticism in regards to their scholastic performance.</p><p></p><p>Sometimes these kinds of inquiries emerge from worry about composing papers as it turns out to be exhausting inevitably. In such manner, we ought to allude to articles tests since probably the most compelling individuals at schools and colleges ordinarily offer input to understudies. One can without much of a stretch comprehend what sort of criticism they give and whether you are getting what you expect or not.</p><p></p><p>You may believe that your mother and father won't disclose to you much about your scholarly exhibition. That could be a motivation beh ind why you will in general stress a lot over what they think. Be that as it may, then again, a few guardians likewise give their criticism so they can see whether their child or little girl has grown up well and he is getting capable enough to complete his school examines. They are likewise keen on observing whether your understudy has a decent character and an awareness of other's expectations towards his parents.</p><p></p><p>For such reasons, when you visit a school or college you can likewise search for guidance from the boss or the employee with regards to what will be your postulation outline. This is the primary thing that individuals who go to such schools and colleges need to know. In the event that you have a decent impression with this announcement, your odds of accomplishment will increase.</p><p></p><p>There are numerous articles tests of why an understudy needs to go to a specific school. There are numerous understudies who invest their whole school energy simply attempting to complete their papers. For this situation, this is certainly not a smart thought since it won't help them in their career.</p><p></p><p>Students who experience difficulty completing their school work additionally spend extended periods looking into for the important papers with the goal that they can have the option to complete their schoolwork. The intriguing part is that in a manner they are burning through their time and cash. That is the reason an individual who needs to improve his vocation must concentrate on getting passing marks in his last year of studies.</p><p></p><p>If you neglect to get passing marks in your examinations, at that point you are probably going to bomb in the activity advertise in light of the fact that businesses won't put a great deal of trust in your scholarly exhibition. These are a portion of the articles tests of why an understudy needs to go to a specific school. On the off chance that you can't have any significant bearing this to your own circumstance, at that point it is significant that you remember that it is essential to give your best in your last year.</p>

Dirty Facts About How to Sell Yourself in a College Essay Exposed

Messy Facts About How to Sell Yourself in a College Essay Exposed Who Else Wants to Learn About How to Sell Yourself in a College Essay? Affirmations staff members, a great deal of them genuinely ongoing alumni themselves, now and then examine person to person communication sites. Universities see the signal and it will assist with fortifying a positive impression. Attempt to recall that every single school or college might want you to withdraw from your visit liking the experience. Likewise, recollect that bunches of people, even educators, probably won't be familiar with what schools look for in an exposition. Composing an alumni Admissions Essay is among the primary assignments any understudy might confront. Understudies, you're not the only one. Numerous understudies partake in a lot of extracurricular activitiesso talk about them! Different understudies are very satisfied to talk about themselves and babble. You will probably make your private proclamation sound individual'. Remember your cutoff times and remember that a couple of schools may require more than 1 exposition or solicitation snappy sections just as the most significant individual explanation. Essentially, you need to give the entrance advisory board an exhaustive look in your life. Try not to endeavor to think about what affirmations officials wish to hear. Trade refinement for mindfulness There's an assigned piece of the application segment assigned to show your collection of words. Likewise, portray various character qualities (about three), which will allow you to segue into your scholastic areas of intrigue and extracu rricular interests and the motivation behind why they are essential to you. A school is an area for scholarly improvement. In like manner a lot of understudies feel as they have to expound on a noteworthy life occasion or their most amazing accomplishment. It's conceivable to likewise end things by quickly summing up the basic focuses you made all through your paper, yet you ought to be careful not to just recap correctly what you've just said. Your last edited should be done when you are set up to transmit or mail the paper. You may understand that difficult to illuminate in your exposition, however that is the secret to stand out in the group. At the point when you start composing, don't be worried about your article's length. In the event that you wish to start your exposition having a progressively in general portrayal of what you will talk about, it's despite everything genuine that you ought to guarantee it is explicit and one of a kind enough to stick out. Avoid meandering aimlessly and be sure every point adds to the general exposition. Composing a general paper can be hard for bunches of us. The whole paper composing system is made considerably increasingly troublesome once the subject of the article is close to home and about yourself! What Is So Fascinating About How to Sell Yourself in a College Essay? The following activity is to experience your proposals and figure out which one is going to bring about the most grounded article. Subsequently the exposition system is a genuine learning opportunity. When you find a subject you like, plunk down and compose for one hour or something like that. Rather, focus on endeavoring to fuse all the subtleties you can envision about your subject, which will ma ke it easier to pick what you ought to incorporate when you alter. You're not composing for yourself here, however rather for a significant explicit kind of peruser. Before you even start finishing the grant application or composing the fundamental exposition, ensure that you get an extraordinary feeling of precisely how you might want to continue. All things considered, losing your peruser's consideration may be a genuine bummer in the event that you are in control of a basic activity, phenomenal evaluation or grant on line. Utilize enticing composition to deliver your paper case, however remember you're likewise selling yourself. The New Angle On How to Sell Yourself in a College Essay Just Released The difficult part is picking the one which's an amazing fit. On the other side, obtaining an unblemished exposition considerably builds your chances of being chosen. You're ready to discuss your past, present and future in a broad way. It will be less hard to move toward it unbiasedly when you haven't seen it in a short time. The absolute initial step should send a card to say thanks to the questioner inside one day. Anyway much you may wish to be done in the wake of composing an absolute first draft you should set aside some effort to alter. Maybe you feel increasingly good plunking down and composing the whole draft from starting to complete in 1 go. The secret to composing your absolute first draft isn't to be stressed over whether it's any acceptable simply get something on paper and go starting there. Along these lines, while it may look unbalanced to proceed and on about yourself, remember that the paper is only one of just a couple of chances a school needs to grasp what you're similar to and who you are as a person. In the event that you don't have a thought what a paper delineating your individual ought to incorporate, you may get propelled by another person. Clearly, summing up your 16 17 years in 600 words isn't probably going to be straightforward. D oing this can help spare you a touch of time and empower you to focus on a couple of extremely extraordinary articles rather than a great deal of average ones. It would be basic for an organization to acknowledge how that is gainful for them. An organization enrollment specialist would search for the encounters relevant to the particular position applied. The structure of private explanation is simpler. Remember, you should consider each segment of your application significant, and the individual articulation isn't an exemption. Next, you will decide how to make a fascinating exposition that shows off your unmistakable point of view and compose a few drafts to sharpen your structure and language. The most significant inquiry of all understudies who must create an intelligent or private article is whether it's conceivable to grow such kind of scholarly paper without sounding excessively self important. Right now, we should look at a couple of instances of genuine school article begin nings to disclose to you how and why they work. You're painting a photograph of yourself with words. Visting a couple of the locales which part with or sell inquire about papers might be an instructive. The following are two or three suggestions for one to consider. The other data will be suggested. There is similarly as much data to maintain a strategic distance from however.

Answers in Essay From Papers - Sample Questions

<h1>Answers in Essay From Papers - Sample Questions</h1><p>The motivation behind why you have to utilize tests of answer inquiries in article from papers is on the grounds that the kind of inquiry that you will be posed in your exposition is no doubt going to be one that you have just managed and unraveled. On the off chance that you compose an article on your considerations about the war or religion or governmental issues, you will be in a decent situation to respond to any scrutinize that the examiner may have, whether or not it is something that you have managed all alone or not. The significant thing is to pick the correct inquiries, and set aside the effort to research to guarantee that the example addresses that you use are ones that you can without much of a stretch answer.</p><p></p><p>Your selection of tests of answer inquiries in article from papers ought to likewise rely upon how quick you need to compose your exposition. Composing an exposition is generally not a very tedious action, so on the off chance that you are simply beginning with composing papers, it may be ideal to adhere to tests of answer inquiries in article from papers and attempt to choose when you need to compose the paper, in light of how quick you need to do it. Your exposition composing procedure should take around one month to complete everything. At the point when you are now, you should simply discover all the inquiries that you need to remember for your paper, and set aside the effort to look into which inquiries are worth asking.</p><p></p><p>The first inquiry that you ought to remember for your exposition is the theme for your article. The point for your paper ought to be the reason for the inquiry that you will be posed in your exposition. You ought to incorporate the entirety of the data that you would require so as to address this inquiry in your article. This will assist you with shielding your paper from getting excessively long and will likewise assist you with preventing any missteps that may occur.</p><p></p><p>The second inquiry that you ought to remember for your article is the title of your exposition. This title will frequently turn into a spot where you will address the principal question that you were asked, as it will be in the title of your article. Simply ensure that you have your title right before you go to the workplace and simply ensure that you are picking the right subjects for your essay.</p><p></p><p>The third inquiry that you ought to remember for your exposition is a rundown of the inquiries that you will be posed in your article. Along these lines, you will have the option to spare yourself the difficulty of working out the subtleties of the entirety of the inquiries that you will be asked.</p><p></p><p>The fourth inquiry that you ought to remember for your paper is a rundown of test addre sses that you will be asked in your article. These example questions are ones that you could have worked out all alone and couldn't have had the opportunity to explore them. These inquiries are a decent method to kick your creative cycle off, and assist you with measuring the degree of trouble that you will experience when composing the remainder of your essay.</p><p></p><p>The fifth inquiry that you ought to remember for your exposition is an outline of the data that you will require so as to react to the entirety of the inquiries that you will be posed in your paper. This is an incredible method to keep everything sorted out and easy to respond to questions. It will likewise assist you with disposing of a portion of the data that you will be asked that you would have had the opportunity to research.</p>

Which Essay Topics Should You Study?

<h1>Which Essay Topics Should You Study?</h1><p>Each semester, as you endure English 112, you are besieged with article subjects. In the event that you can't name them all, how might you choose which ones to include?</p><p></p><p>For occasion, you might be gotten some information about how bigotry has affected the Asian American people group. Presently how would you approach doing that? Your English class teacher could advise you to take a word reference and find it and see what it needs to say.</p><p></p><p>She could likewise instruct you to address a specialist about it to get various choices for exchange. Or then again, if that fizzles, she may guide you toward a neighborhood book shop or web search. The fact of the matter is, you can't completely get a handle on the pith of the circumstance until you have a progressively careful information on the topic.</p><p></p><p>This is likewise evident in an investigation abroad course. You can't be certain how an understudy in another nation feels until you have cooperated with them first. You have to comprehend their way of life and how they live their lives to try and start to expound on it.</p><p></p><p>For that reason, you will most likely be better prepared to expound on things you think about, in light of the fact that you have been presented to the social world your task originates from. For example, you can profit by thinking about the Hungarian government. You probably won't have the option to assist yourself with things you don't think about, yet you will have a superior comprehension of the governmental issues of a certain society.</p><p></p><p>Another thing you can find out about is the styles of contentions and composing that a teacher utilizes in their proposal articulation. You can more readily set yourself up by perusing more top to bottom article assignments, parti cularly those that have questions and contemplations appended to them.</p><p></p><p>Every learning process accompanies its advantages. You become acquainted with your educator, and you may even get the hang of something about another culture. It's a lot for both.</p><p></p><p>So, when you leave on an experience to concentrate in another nation, or even get familiar with some unknown dialects, gain from your educator. Find out about themes you can't discover data about. You never know, you may even get the chance to participate in a discussion about prejudice in an alternate country.</p>

Research Papers - Why Do I Need To Hire A Research Paper Writing Service?

<h1>Research Papers - Why Do I Need To Hire A Research Paper Writing Service?</h1><p>Research papers are basic to the advancement of an understudy in school, in school or even at the expert level. Any examination paper which isn't appropriately looked into can place an understudy in a humiliating circumstance. Understudies need to face challenges while composing research papers, this is the motivation behind why research paper composing administrations should be recruited with the goal that the understudy can maintain a strategic distance from any humiliating situations.</p><p></p><p>You may think about how you could search for sites which offer such administrations all alone, it is currently simpler than at any other time on the grounds that there are web indexes which will assist you with searching for these kinds of sites all alone. It merits referencing here that while utilizing web indexes, be mindful so as to choose the correct sort of internet searcher, these can be very not the same as one another, and you may misunderstand a connection that can be inconvenient to you.</p><p></p><p>This is the motivation behind why, before searching for investigate papers, you should know the various names of the various kinds of sites that you can utilize. Knowing the names of such sites would make it significantly simpler for you to discover sites that can assist you with composing your exploration papers. Likewise, it is smarter to utilize web crawlers that are refreshed normally, and this is on the grounds that it is conceivable that the sites you are searching for might no longer exist.</p><p></p><p>When you comprehend what sort of sites exist which offer these types of assistance, you can begin perusing around and discover a specific report site which can offer the types of assistance you require. It is likewise imperative to guarantee that the site you are searching for is a lright for you to use.</p><p></p><p>Also, when you get a site that proposals to compose such papers for you, guarantee that the site you are utilizing has an expert author who is accessible to answer your questions. Ensure that the site has an online client support that can answer every one of your inquiries with respect to the site's utilization and whether the site can be trusted for your examination papers.</p><p></p><p>You ought to likewise ensure that the author will have the option to deal with any inquiry you may have about the points of interest of a particular research paper. It is in every case better to go with an expert author instead of passing by your premonition on whether you can confide in the site or not.</p><p></p><p>Another approach to abstain from humiliating circumstances in regards to examine papers is to get a companion or comparative with compose for you. Many research papers are compose d by family members and companions, as long as you wouldn't fret the way that you may need to acknowledge the last draft, you will think that its simpler to get past your exploration papers.</p><p></p><p>Finally, ensure that you utilize the site which offers the best research papers. You will need to ensure that the site you are utilizing furnishes you with quality research papers.</p>

8 Tips to Prepare for Your Comprehensive Examination

Virtually all master’s and doctoral programs require graduate students to take comprehensive exams. Such exams are exactly that: Comprehensive, intended to cover the entire field of study. It’s a big deal and your performance on your masters or doctoral comprehensive exam can make or break your graduate school career. Learning all there is to know about your field is daunting, but dont let it overwhelm you. Be systematic in your preparations and follow these tips to get your studying underway and prepare for your comprehensive exams. Locate Old Exams Students often do not take individualized exams. This is especially true for master’s comps. Comprehensive exams are often administered to groups of students. In these cases, departments usually have a stack of old exams. Take advantage of these exams. Sure you likely will not see the same questions, but the exams can provide info about the kinds of questions to expect and the base of literature to know. Sometimes, however, comprehensive exams are tailored to each student. This is particularly true for doctoral comps. In this case, the student and advisor or sometimes a comprehensive examination committee work together to identify the range of topics covered in the exam. Consult With Experienced Students More experienced graduate students have a lot to offer.  Look to students who have successfully completed their comps. Ask questions like: How are comps structured? How did they prepare? What they would do differently, and how confident did they feel on exam day? Of course, also ask about the content of the test. Consult With Professors Usually, one or more faculty members will sit down with students and talk about the test and what to expect. Sometimes this is in a group setting. Otherwise, ask your mentor or a trusted faculty member. Be prepared with specific questions, such as how important is understanding and citing classic research as compared with current work? How is the exam organized? Ask for suggestions on how to prepare. Gather Your Study Materials Gather classic literature. Conduct literature searches to gather the newest most important pieces of research. Be careful because its easy to become consumed and overwhelmed with this part. You won’t be able to download and read everything. Make choices. Think About What You’re Reading It’s easy to get swept away with the task of reading, taking notes, and memorizing oodles of articles. Dont forget that you will be asked to reason about these readings, construct arguments, and discuss the material at a professional level. Stop and think about what youre reading. Identify themes in the literature, how particular lines of thinking evolved and shifted, and historical trends. Keep the big picture in mind and think about every article or chapter - what is its place in the field at large? Consider Your Situation What are the challenges you face in preparing to take the comps? Locating and reading study materials, managing your time, keeping productive, and learning how to discuss the interrelations of theory and research are all part of studying for comps. Do you have a family? Roommate? Do you have the space to spread out? A quiet place to work? Think about all the challenges you face and then devise solutions. What specific action will you take to combat each challenge? Manage Your Study Time Recognize that your time is limited. Many students, especially at the doctoral level, carve out time that they devote exclusively to studying - no working, no teaching, no coursework. Some take a month, others a summer or longer. You need to decide what to study and how much time to devote to each topic. Its likely that you have a better grasp of some topics than others, so distribute your study time accordingly. Devise a schedule and make a concerted effort to determine how you will fit in all of your studying.  Each week set goals. Each day should have a to-do list. Follow it. You will find that some topics take less time and others more time. Adjust your schedule and plans accordingly. Seek Support Remember that youre not alone in preparing for comps. Work with other students. Share resources and advice. Simply hang out and talk about how you’re approaching the task and help each other manage the stress. Consider creating a study group, set group goals, and then report your progress to your group. Even if no other students are preparing to take comps, spend time with other students. Reading and studying in isolation can lead to loneliness, which certainly isnt good for your morale and motivation.

What Every Body Is Saying About Why Do You Want to Attend College Essay Samples Is Dead Wrong and Why

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Reviews of Custom Writing Company - Helpful Tips

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Productive Techniques for Analytical Essay Format Samples for Oedipus That You Can Use Starting Today

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Using Program Scholarship Essay Sample

Using Program Scholarship Essay SampleIf you want to present a better perspective on your resume and school application essay, then you must learn how to use the correct and balanced program scholarship essay sample. This is where you need to focus your focus on the part of the essay in order to make it attractive and interesting to the reader.First, you need to know what exactly you are going to write on your paper. It is important that you know how the reader can find out about the information that you are going to give in your paper. You need to be sure that the reader will be able to find the information that he or she is looking for because if you do not do this, they may not read your entire essay. You should know that the first paragraph of your essay is very important because this is what will introduce yourself to the reader.There are many college graduates who find it difficult to write and present their thoughts on the paper. They do not know where to start when they are w riting and how to present their ideas in a meaningful way. The program scholarship essay sample is the best thing that you can use because it provides you with plenty of ideas and hints that you can use to present your ideas. When you are using the program, all you need to do is click the buttons and you will get all the hints and tips that you need to present your thoughts clearly and concisely.The second tip that you can use in order to present your essay is by thinking of the parts of the essay that you need to focus on. You need to think of the parts that you are going to put your attention on and try to make these parts sound interesting to the reader. Do not make the mistake of trying to write a long essay because this is not going to make the reader interested in reading your essay.Once you have finished writing your essay, you should be able to present it in a more impressive and concise manner by focusing on the parts that you need to talk about in order to present your sho rt and brief information. This is because most of the readers find it difficult to read long essays and they usually skip the beginning part of the essay and move to the middle part which is where they are usually lost. Therefore, if you try to present your essay by writing the first part in a lengthy manner, you may just find that the majority of the readers skip your essay entirely.Another thing that you can do when you are using the program scholarship essay sample is to add pictures and illustrations to the beginning of your essay. This is a good idea because you will be able to show the reader that you are an interesting and valuable person with interesting and fresh ideas. This is why it is important that you use photos, drawings, and other images to make the text interesting and easy to read.Last but not least, you need to make sure that you are following the rules and regulations that are included in the guidelines that are found in the program. Make sure that you are follow ing the format and rules of the program. If you do not follow these guidelines, you may end up with a bad impression on the reader and this may not help you as a writer to build your confidence level so that you can write the next essay.By using the program scholarship essay sample, you will be able to present your essay in a better and interesting way. All you need to do is use your imagination and creativity to make it interesting and a good example for the readers to read and to remember.

Looking For a Quality Education?

Looking For a Quality Education?When it comes to college admissions, most parents use the King's College School to evaluate their sons. College admission examinations are notorious for testing their children's skills, but the King's College School is unique in that they also test an applicant's sense of morality. As many students admit, they make moral and ethical decisions in life, so it's a good idea to check them out in school before they go off to college.While the admissions committees may not consider the moral aspects of an application when looking for the right student, they may base their decision on the academic qualities. Students with the best grades will be more likely to get into King's College School than students with average grades. Parents who are looking for a good quality education for their child can help their child by getting them into a good school. This school offers a great deal of class structure to fit your needs and budget, so it's best to research the de tails first.The college entrance examination will take you through questions about your academic record, ethics, and personal characteristics. The tests are available online, and if you're struggling with reading, writing, or understanding the questions, you can download the answer sheets for the exams. Parents with children in high school can check their grades on the King's College School's online report cards, which will provide their child's overall GPA.All schools have certain standards in their admissions, and one of these is the admission rate. By entering a better university or school, you will increase your chances of being accepted into the school and will have a higher chance of getting in. One reason why parents turn to this school is because of its very competitive admissions process, which might mean that if you apply for the school, you have better chances of getting in.College classes come from students who are ready to begin their studies and attend classes. You mus t be able to work well with other students, be attentive in class, and be a good listener. Although this is not as hard as it seems, because this school teaches a variety of subjects and they're teaching in different subjects, some parents worry about their child learning too much too fast.Parents should make sure to talk to their child and get them ready for college. Ask about their strengths and weaknesses, how they work well with others, and if they have any interest in subjects that are close to their interests. With a great education, parents will be able to help their child to pursue a career that interests them, whether it's in art education, or in engineering. If a student finds a passion, a college degree can make it easier to transition to other careers.King's College School may not be the easiest school to get into, but this is where many students decide to attend college. With this, parents can help their child by getting them a great education to better their chances of succeeding in life.

The Ultimate Guide to Argumentative Essay Topics and Survival

The Ultimate Guide to Argumentative Essay Topics and Survival The Fundamentals of Argumentative Essay Topics and Survival Revealed An argumentative essay example will reveal the should possess some very important components which make it better in the practice of convincing. If you wish to learn what an argumentative essay is, the very first thing you need to remember is that its primary objective is to convince the audience to accept your viewpoint. An argumentative essay is a writing piece intended to persuade a person to believe the way that you do. The chief reason why somebody is writing an argumentative essay is to make an effort to persuade or sway another individual or perhaps a group of men and women in your rightness in a particular theme. The problem is there are so many folks that are still smoking. If you become lost on your way, refer back to our guide, and we'll be delighted to assist you with anything that you demand. The first thing you're likely to have to do is to pick a topic that has more than one clear side. When you're picking your topic, remember that it's much simpler to write about something which you presently have interest ineven in case you don't know a good deal about it. If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Argumentative Essay Topics and Survival Nevertheless, before you begin devising your arguments, you will need to take into account several facets. Anyway, direct and indirect quotes are necessary to support your understanding of academic writing style. You must include rough facts! Your facts ought to be truthful. One of the greatest strategies to make writing a research paper easier is to pick a topic which you are passionate about. You must find the research to show your opinion is the right view of the topic. You don't need to acquire super technical with legal argumentative essays, but be certain to do your homework on what the present laws about your favorite topic actually say. Before writing an argumentative essay, there's one important thing which you should know. You will need to see that different individuals have various points of view regarding the exact same topic, so be patient. The amount of people pointing out to the various explanations for why marijuana ought to be legal is growing daily. Choose from popular topics that they are passionate about. There are lots of circumstances that could threaten the survival of an individual or a group of individuals. Your essay should consist of recent statistics and data from reliable sources. It is crucial to check reviews abo ut essay writing services in order to be confident they can deliver your task before the deadline. Look through the list of topics with care and get started making a mental collection of the evidence you may use on topics you want. You can rely on the ideal essay help online. Type of Argumentative Essay Topics and Survival Odds are, all you have to do is relax and locate a topic you're passionate about and, naturally, one that's debatable. Following that, you'll have perfectly-done paper samples at hand, so you may use them as educational tools and enhance your own skills! Each and every region of the essay exerts a specific function in its general structure. Remember that the amount of your essay is based on the assignment offered to you. Vital Pieces of Argumentative Essay Topics and Survival You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. After all, the duty of the student is to just explain how other positi ons might not be well informed or updated on the subject. Consequently, survival skills have to get discussed in relation to the scenario to which they apply and, hence, an individual could say there are physical survival abilities and financial survival skills amongst others. So it is best to be ready for the unexpected by developing critical skills required to survive extreme conditions. Argumentative Essay Topics and Survival - the Story Argumentative essays utilize logic, facts, and reasoning to learn the victor. An argumentative essay is a sort of essay that presents arguments about each side of a problem. Generally, it has the same outline as the majority of traditional papers. Writing an argumentative essay can at times be confusing since you don't necessarily understand how to compose a convincing argument. You have to make sure you keep on that 1 side during your whole essay. To write a fantastic argumentative essay, there are four important sections of the essay you're likely to have to know about. Let's say you should purchase essay for college. You're doing your best, but the outcomes are sometimes not satisfying. If you're new to writing argumentative essays, there are a couple of essential factors which you can learn that could help you compose a far better argumentative essay. There are four important components to each argumentative essay, and you're likely to have to include them should you need your essay to convince your readers. There are a few particular elements which are necessary in an argumentative essay.

Circadian Rhythms And Sleep Deprivation - 870 Words

This was a very interesting assignment; I have learned some important things on this topic. The topics are on circadian rhythms disorders and sleep deprivation. To start out on circadian rhythms disorders this is what I have learned. Circadian rhythms are regulated by a part of the hypothalamus called the suprachiasmatic nucleus. One’s alertness, core body temperature, moods, learning efficiency, blood pressure, metabolism, and pulse rate all follow these circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms lead to sleep deprivation. Circadian rhythms affect one’s body not allowing one to get the correct sleep and time of sleep one is need to function properly. Circadian rhythms disorders is simply a disruption in one’s circadian rhythms which is a name given for one’s internal body clock that regulates ones 24 hour cycle of biological processes. There are patterns of brain wave activity, hormone production, cell regeneration and other biological things that go a long with ones 24 hour cycle.() The circadian rhythm is very important in analyzing ones sleep pattern like when they are a sleep pattern like when they are a sleep and when they are awake. One’s normal circadian clock is based on light-dark times over 24 hours.() This disorder can be caused by several different factors, a list of these factors are as followed; Different shift work, pregnancy, time zone changes, medications and changes in our sleep pattern like staying up late or sleeping in late. It has also beenShow MoreRelatedSpeech On Circadian Sleep Cycle1006 Words   |  5 PagesName: Ashley Frederickson Specific purpose statement: To inform my audience about the circadian sleep cycle. Thesis: The circadian rhythm of sleep plays a more important role in your life than you think. Organizational Pattern of main points: Topical Casual Introduction I. A lot happens to your body when you are asleep. According to the National Sleep Foundation, the appropriate duration of sleep for a healthy young adult is 7 to 9 hours. II. A study conducted at theRead MoreSleep Deprivation And Academic Performance1430 Words   |  6 PagesSleep Deprivation and Academic Performance in Adolescents Sleep deprivation is an increasing issue with adolescents. Statistics show that 60% of high schoolers report extreme daytime sleepiness. 20% to 33% of those high schools report falling asleep in class at least once during the week. Daytime sleepiness is only a small issue about sleep deprivation in students. Sleep deprivation negatively impacts school performance adolescent students because it interferes with brain development, create moodRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep And Sleep Deprivation On The Body1267 Words   |  6 PagesEffects of Sleep and Sleep Deprivation Has on the Body. Specific Purpose: To inform the audience about why we need sleep and what happens if you are sleep deprived. Thesis: Sleep is crucial for any living creature and lacking an adequate amount of sleep is detrimental to health. Introduction Attention Getter: Many of us will spend about a third of our lives sleeping, yet don’t know why we need sleep or how important it is for the body. Did you know you can die faster from sleep deprivation than foodRead MoreBeing Sleep Deprived Is A Person That Is Constantly Tired1325 Words   |  6 PagesThe most obvious signs of someone being sleep deprived is a person that is constantly tired. However, being more drowsy and more prone to falling asleep during the day can put the person at a greater risk to have fatigue related accidents. Therefore, it would be a better and a more safe way to pay attention to the more subtle symptoms of fatigue rather than waiting for someone to start to nod back and forth between consciousness and the dream world. So instead it would prove effective to performRead MoreEffects of Sleep Deprivation on Teens and Young Adults1085 Words   |  5 Pagesdeaths, 50% of which are kids ages of 15 to 24†¦ [in addition,] teens require about nine-and -a-half hours of sleep a night† (Mara, 1998). Sleep deprivation, although increasingly prevalent amongst teens and young adults, is detrimental to their life in an array of aspects ranging from driving abilities to psychological health. In today’s busy society, high school students are catching less sleep than ever before. Many teens are involved in extracurricular activities such as athletics, theater, clubsRead MoreEARLY SCHOOL HOURS DO NOT EQUAL SLEEP DEPRIVATION AND TEENS Essay893 Words   |  4 Pageselementary school, students face the biological struggle of physiological changes due to puberty. According to â€Å"Adolescent Sleep Needs and School Performance†(1998), puberty demands more sleep, at least a total of 8 hours of sleep compared to an adult; they normally require 6 hours. Along with a greater requirement of sleep, the circadian rhythms of the adolescent change as well. The circadian cycle plays a biological part as to when people fall asleep and when people wake up naturally, for example, naturallyRead MoreHuntington s Disease ( Hd ) Is A Neurodegenerative Disease1289 Words   |  6 Pagesrecently is sleep disturbance and alteration of normal circadian rhythms. It is estimated that 60-90% of HD patients have sleep issues and that nearly 60% see those issues as being factors in their overall problems (Goodman et al., 2010). Despite the minimal volume of studies, the overwhelming proportion of HD patients who are afflicted with circadian dysfunction and sleep disturbance clearly outline the need for further research in this field. While it is now becoming more aware that sleep and circadianRead MoreThe Effect Of Sleep Deprivation On Seizure1220 Words   |  5 PagesA study on the effect of sleep deprivation on seizure in epilepsy disorder and its relation to signaling bathways in the brain People with seizure disorder usually have problems with their sleep. Daytime sleepiness, lack of energy and drowsiness are frequently seen in epileptic patients. Baseline electrical activity has been vastly studied in epilepsy. Seizures can be either partial or generalized. Based on the area of the brain triggered by epileptic waves, any kind of motor or sensory abnormalitiesRead MoreThe Dangers of Sleep Deprivation Essay1244 Words   |  5 PagesDangers of Sleep Deprivation Sleep deprivation consumes people all over the world on a regular basis. But what causes sleep deprivation? What are the consequences of being sleep deprived? And how can the poor tormented sleepy people all over the world get a good night’s rest? Let’s explore the exhausted world of sleep deprivation. There are many reasons a person can be sleep deprived. They may not be able to get sleep due to their particular situation or they may have a sleep disorder.Read MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Sleep Disorders926 Words   |  4 PagesCommission on Sleep Disorders Research, â€Å"at least 40 million Americans suffer from chronic, long-term sleep disorders† (Sleep Disorders and Sleeping Problems†). There are several causes for the increase in lack of sleep or sleep deprivation; which include, using electronics late at night, using your bed for more than just sleeping, and anxiety. As a result of modern technology, there are many people who every now and then don’t sleep well, but there are several who experience what is called sleep deprivation:

Hemingway and camus Essay Example For Students

Hemingway and camus Essay One of the fascinations of reading literature comes when we discover in a work patterns that have heretofore been overlooked. We are the pattern finders who get deep enjoyment from the discovery of patterns in a text. And true to the calling we have noticed a pattern in and around A Farewell to Arms which, to our knowledge, no one has seen before. Although there are many editions of the novel, and as a result the pagination is slightly different in various editions, it is the case that all editions have forty-one chapters to be found in five books. Here is what we have discovered: if you multiply 41 by 5 you get 205. And now if you take the number of letters in Frederics name (8) and add that to the number of letters in Catherines name (9) you get 17. 205 + 17 = 222. And if you grant that the time of the events in the novel, counted properly, is three years, then the pattern we have discovered starts to emerge as figure on ground or as lemon juice ink on a secret message when held ov er a candle. For what is the product of 222 and 3 but the infamous 666 of Revelations 13:18? Imagine now our delight when we discovered a similar 666 pattern in The Outsider. If you multiply the number of letters in Meursaults name times the number of letters in `Albert times the number of letters in `Arab you get 216. Add to that the 6 of `Albert and multiply by 3 (which is the number one gets when dividing the number of chapters in Part one (6) by the number of books (2) that make up The Outsider) and surprise of surprises: the meaning revealing number `666 once again emerges! Clearly, when seen in this light, these two novels take on new meaning, and this pattern discovery provides a conclusive way to counter all earlier critics who have failed to see this talisman of interpretation, this key to understanding the complexities of Hemingways A Farewell to Arms and Camuss The Outsider. `666 offers a key to understanding in that it clearly refers us back to the text which these texts are playing with and are in some way about, if aboutness is a viable concept and if they are about anything at all. Wait a minute, here! shouts Bickford Sylvester, there is some nonsense even Hemingway scholars will not condone. And of course this pattern of 666 is a bit of nonsense which could be discovered almost anywhere by someone forcing the facts into the pattern. Good 666 sleuths can find that devilish number anywhere; if you dont believe us just ask the soap company. But what are the legitimate limits to interpretations? Does anything count? How can we know when the interpretation we are working on or reading has slipped into the realm of nonsense? There are facts to be observed by the act of looking at the text and then there are interpretations to be deduced using those facts plus everything else one knows about what counts as a fact and what is to be counted as important in producing a coherent and consistent reading. Just as there are different interpretations of quantu m theory which must deal with the same facts (taking a fact to be what is) there are different interpretations of A Farewell to Arms and The Outsider. In fact, the difference between science and art may be teased out just here: when a scientific interpretation becomes the accepted one it achieves a privileged status (e.g., evolution), but in art it seems that the more interpretations a work inspires and grounds the more privileged its status. Gerry Brenner argues that a masterwork is a text that generates a wide array of divergent readings and certainly on that criterion both of these novels are to be counted as masterworks. In the same way that science seeks a unifying theory to account for and predict from events in the world in a broad general way, so too do these two works offer a broad and general theory of the human condition and the human hunger for meaning. What would count as a broad and general theory of the human condition and the human hunger for meaning? At the most gen eral level only two readings are possible: we humans are special and are a part of a meaningful divine plan which is unknown to us in detail but is hinted at in various ways and has been delivered to us in outline by some special text; or, we humans are the result of time and chance, not at all special except as we create our meaning and value through our lived and shared experience. The first reading seeks the universal and enduring Truth or a hierarchy of values which is crowned by God. The second reading opposes that approach and insists on subjective intensity of passion maintaining that the individual is always becoming as the result of choices, risks, and reactions to the experiences of the world of which s/he is naturally related. The reader of the first text often sees death as a door; the second reader sees death as a wall and as the inescapable and shared destiny of all persons. Hemingway and Camus are both writing texts that present death as final. There are many striking similarities between the two, although one could say they are a generation and a world apart. Hemingway, the older of the two, presents several of the elements of their similarity in his novel A Farewell to Arms; Camus, writing The Outsider almost fifteen years later, picks up from where Hemingway left off. The two share a lean, direct style; there is a shared early (in the novels) primitiveness to Frederic Henry and Meursault; the two writers recognize features of the Absurd; and they were both visitors to, or outsiders in, Paris. In this paper, then, we identify a few of the congruencies between these two works, but especially ways in which they diverge, for these are the features of difference, influence, literary history, which further allow us to make meaning of the novels. An important point in order to maintain clarity is to recognize that the first-person narratives can create some problems because we will be talking both of the actual authors work (Camuss novel), as well a s the fictional characters relation of the events (as in Frederic Henrys narrative or Meursaults novel). It makes sense to identify both levels of activity. Confusing Hemingway with his characters has been common in the past, and is one thing we want to avoid by this strategy. One pattern which we have found helpful in thinking of these two novels is the relationship of Old Testament to New Testament. There is a resemblance, a coherence, of world-view, but at the same time a continuance, a modification. There is a typology, too, and the two protagonists, while very different in some respects, are two generations attempts at the modern hero. A Farewell to Arms serves as a precursor to The Outsider in many ways. Frederic Henry must lose faith in the several sources of meaning which he traditionally turns to: church, state, language, love. His experience during the war shakes his belief in these structures and institutions, leading, ultimately, to the composition of the novel in the Mo dernist mode. Meursault, on the other hand, seems not to place much faith in those structures and institutions from the outset of his novel (we need only observe his behavior during his mothers funeral). He takes for granted things which Frederic Henry must learn (or un-learn); for example, his relationship with Marie begins with no games, no guilt, whereas Frederic thinks he must play out a courtship, and even deceive Catherine about his intentions if he is to succeed in sleeping with her. The high Modern theme of loss of meaning, with a subsequent search for an alternative certainty, which we encounter in A Farewell to Arms is replaced by Camuss notion of the Absurd, of the benign indifference of the universe. If anything, the universe Frederic Henry reflects on at the end of Hemingways novel is a malevolent force waiting to kill you in the end. You could count on that. (p. 327) Thus, Frederic Henry must come to realize that his own subjectivity is a crucial source of meaning, whe reas Meursault seems already to assume that position. And both characters must come to realize that subjective meaning is always tempered by and augmented by its relation to the Other (or to others). In both works the first person narrator serves as the author-ity for the reader, and in both it is only after completing the text that the reader comes to understand that the I relating events has also been evaluating those events by subtle means of selection and emphasis. It is as a friend and teacher once said, In the first half of your life you have experiences and in the second half you try to determine what they mean. As Meursault tells his story and as Frederic Henry tells his story, these narrators are discovering meaning in the events experienced. And, as in real life, the meaning is not just an objective set of facts to be absorbed, but is a combination of various inputs from the world and the organization and valuing of those inputs by the creative intelligence. Both narrators achieve a separate peace and finally that is all anyone can do in the walk toward the grave. Acceptance of limits is a necessary condition for peace. A further characteristic of the two novels under discussion here that allows for comparison is that both artists employ a style that does not so much reveal meaning as a fixed and determinate set of propositions, but instead, by suggestion and omission demands that the reader participate in the act of making meaning. The speakable sign and the unspeakable meaning that lies below or beside the signifiers used are part of the techniques of Hemingway and Camus a technique that is often called economical, realistic, or simply `modern. This ability to provide the reader with the strongly sensed presence of things omitted1 provides the most powerful similarity between these two texts. In A Farewell to Arms, for example, what exactly do the pronouns refer to in this famous passage? I tried to tell about the night and the difference between the night and the day and how the night was better unless the day was very clean and cold and I could not tell it; as I cannot tell it now. But if you have had it you know. He had not had it but he understood that I had really wanted to go to the Abruzzi but had not gone and we were still friends, with many tastes alike, but with the difference between us. He had always known what I did not know and what, when I learned it, I was always able to forget. But I did not know that then, although I learned it later. (page 14)What is the it that Frederic Henry had and the priest did not? What is the it that he learned, but was able to forget? What is the it that he did not know then but learned later? And what is the difference between the priest and the lieutenant? The first I and the second I are the Frederic Henry of the time of the events while the third I is the narrator. The you functions to include the reader who has had it as one of those who knows it and is changed by it because o f that knowledge. In the last two sentences the I is variable over time again, referring first to Frederic Henry before the lesson, then to Frederic Henry after the lesson, then to Frederic Henry as a partic- ipant in the action and finally to Frederic Henry as the knowing narrator. There can be no better narrative demonstration than this of the changing, always-becoming, non-static self. Trying to find the referent to these variable pronouns seems an important step in reading the novel what is the nature of this knowledge, hinted at, but not stated? Various readings can be found: Frederic learnsthat spending his leave in the city instead of the Abruzzi was symptomatic of his whole way of life, 2 or, the multiple choice options discussed by Stoneback,3 For several years now I have put this passage in quizzes, asking for precise identification and commentary on the it Frederic does not know at first, later learns, but sometimes forgets. Here are the results: The nature of true love, sacrifice, etc. what he later finds with Catherine (12 votes) Questions of faith (12 votes) Love of God (4 votes) Good hunting is better than bad drinking (1 vote) orderly world of good manners, i.e., Abruzzi, better than chaos of whorehouse (1 vote) That he has a soul, and the overwhelming consequences of that knowledge death is not the end, etc. (3 votes)of which he particularly likes number six because of his reading of the novel as a Catholic work. This misreading depends in part upon another misreading, viz., the wounding scene, which Stoneback claims makes quite clear the main point that it is a mistake to think you just died. This scene, he argues, is the epiphany that changes everything.4 Perhaps a better name than epiphany for the wounding scene in A Farewell to Arms would be boundary situation, the term used by Jaspers to talk about any sharp focussed experience an agent has which tends to define the agent as an individual. The emphasis for Jaspers is on the psychologic al change in the individual as a result of running into a boundary situation. Facing a serious moral choice, confronting death, reacting to threats to ones person or to ones reputation these are all boundary situations. These moments are often unexpected, coming anytime and in any set of circumstances (time and chance). I ate the end of my piece of cheese and took a swallow of wine. Through the other noise I heard a cough, then came the chuh-chuh-chuh-chuh then there was a flash, as when a blast-furnace door is swung open, and a roar that started white and went red and on and on in a rushing wind. I tried to breathe but my breath would not come and I felt myself rush bodily out of myself and out and out and out and all the time bodily in the wind. I went out swiftly, all of myself, and I knew I was dead and that it had all been a mistake to think you just died. Then I floated, and instead of going on I felt myself slide back. I breathed and I was back. This scene, argues Stoneback , not only changes everything, but presents the ruling interpretation for the novel: it is here that Henry has learned that he has an immortal soul. If we are to accept this reading then Henry will indeed be changed by the experience, for it would be a defining experience in his life. But, is this the best reading? Without being a nada hound can one offer a better? We think so. Looked at in context the lines do not stand up to that interpretation. First, Frederic Henry utters two propositions in the key passage: I knew I was dead and that it had all been a mistake to think you just died. He is obviously wrong about the first claim, for he does not know that he is dead which makes the compound proposition false. But, secondly, even if we do not hold statements in novels to the strict test of logical truth value, is the second conjunct unambiguous? If just means only, merely, simply then Henry is telling us that death is not death and the theistic reading will hold. But just is a slip pery word at best just as e. e. cummings knew so well and can just as likely mean barely or scarcely or just about anything. Could Frederic Henry, the narrator, be saying that we do not merely die we sometimes die painfully? And in the rest of the wounding scene do we not see just such a painful death in Passinis mutilated, twitching body? (As flies to wanton boys are we to the gods, they kill us for their sport.) Passini calls out in pain to Jesus and there is no answer only silence from the heavens and the eventual silence of his voice and the stilling of his twitching. There are no additional facts in the passage that can be used to arbitrate between the two readings. Do we then flip a coin? Or do we support our choice with powerful rhetoric?5 No, the obvious move is to read the passage in the larger context of the complete work holding open the competing readings until all of the evidence is in, just as the good scientist would do when confronted with ambiguous results. And we get more information in the following two chapters, for Hemingway gives us Frederic Henry in hospital visited first by Rinaldi and then by the priest. In Chapter X Rinaldi comes to the field hospital and the talk is of decorations, girls, and booze. In Chapter XI the priest visits and the juxtaposition of the two chapters promises much. If Rinaldi and the priest are representatives of the two ways of life that Henry must choose from, then here is the perfect opportunity to indicate in the narrative which of the two is superior. If Henry has had an epiphany, has seen the face of God, then what better time than now while lying in a hospital bed, visited by, and alone with the priest, to tell of his life-changing experience, and to tell it to the one other character who will understand the experience? The scene is set. We expect to discover what Henry has learned about death and God and immortal souls. Instead, of course, we get a discussion of the limits of the officers to see anythi ng beyond immediate experience. Expecting a revelation on the limitless we get a commentary on limits. Here is the time and place, so carefully prepared, for Frederic Henry to reveal his newly discovered truth to the priest. But there is no revelation for there was no revelation. Hemingway once said that all storiesend in death. Certainly, each living persons story ends that way. The interrelationship of a narrative to a life, of the boundary situation of an ending, is of vital importance to the existence of these two fictional narratives, A Farewell to Arms and The Outsider. Death plays an important, one might say necessary, part in both novels, too: Frederic Henry is, of course, in war and witness to death many times, wounded himself, and loses Catherine; Meursaults story begins with his mothers death, he later kills an Arab, and then is himself tried and sentenced to death. In fact, the defining death-confrontations (Frederics loss of Catherine, Meursaults death sentence) transfo rm the characters into narrators; that is to say, the stories are told because of the confrontations with death. We must recognize that the fictive characters are attempting to provide or create an order or meaning where it appears there is none. Or, there are pre-existing versions, meta-narratives, which prove inadequate or unsatisfying, and which must be replaced by the narrative each character produces. Meursault responds directly and violently to the priest who represents one such meta-narrative for Meursaults life. In the crescendo of the final scene of that novel when Meursault confronts the priest and finally re- leases the pent up anger and frustration repressed for so long, he does experience an epiphany:As if this great outburst of anger had purged all of my ills, killed all my hopes, I looked up at the mass of signs and stars in the night sky and laid myself open for the first time to the benign indifference of the world. And finding it so much like myself, in fact so fra ternal, I realized that Id been happy, and that I was still hap- py. For the final consummation and for me to feel less lonely, my last wish was that there should be a crowd of spectators at my execution and that they should greet me with cries of hatred.6 Underneath the surface meaning of the ruling icons of his culture (law, religion, conventional morality) Meursault is finally able to experience a subjective and intense meaning in the form of a separate peace brought about by this surrender to the benign indifference of the world. The skepticism raised by the famous passage in Hemingway about the embarrassment felt by Frederic Henry when confronted with the emptiness of the conventional vocabulary is sharpened by Camus, writing after one more war, who condemns not only the inflated language of society, but also its institutions, with irrelevance at least and mendacity at worst. Frederic Henry finds sacred, glorious, and sacrifice to be embarrassing because they have no referents in the world as he is experiencing it, because these words are used in a corrupted fashion as a part of the military or political vocabulary of manipulation and control. Meursault finds the institutions which produce the vocabulary of control: law, religion, conventional morality are corrupt. Frederic Henry, at the beginning of the novel, is selfish and self-absorbed, but has no true sense of self as we would think of it. He is obviously immature, accepts the teachings of the past, indulges in carnal pleasures; probably, if we remember why he is in the Italian army, because he can, and he speaks Italian. Meursault, too, seems preoccupied with immediate, sensual pleasure or with keeping things simple throughout Part I. For example, his response to his employer when offered the chance to move to Paris echoes some of Frederic Henrys words: I said yes but really I didnt mind. (p. 44) His words on marriage further illustrate: That evening Marie came round for me and asked me if I wanted to marry her. I said I didnt mind and we could do if she wanted to. And later Then she spoke. She just wanted to know if Id have accepted the same proposal if it had come from another woman, with whom I had a similar relationship. I said, `Naturally.'(p. 45) An important difference between the two novels is also shown by this passage: Frederic Henry thinks much the same about marriage and such conventions as Marie does, whereas Meursaults comments remind us of Catherine Barkleys on those same subjects. Here we see Meursault displaying some of the same self-centeredness and inertia as Frederic Henry, but Meursault as Camuss character has also assimilated some of the experience and world-weariness of Catherine. There is some evidence that Meursault has lost a faith he once held in some of the traditional ideals, but he chooses not to say much at all about that possibility: When I was a student, I had plenty of that sort of ambition. But when I had to give up my studies, I very soon r ealized that none of it really mattered. (p. 44) Indulging in sensual pleasure turns out to be inadequate, just as religious faith would be inadequate, or concern about social codes would be inadequate, if it is done without thinking. Both novels revolve around thought and insight. Thought can be hard work, it is discomfiting, it is sometimes painful but it is necessary, too, if one is to be totally human. Frederic may believe initially that he is made only to eat and sleep and make love to Catherine, but finally he must face up to experience he must realize what has happened. This requires effort, thinking, and, as an unavoidable side effect, it usually is painful. We remember that the major, early on, declared that All thinking men are atheists, (p. 8), and this statement begins to resonate throughout the novel as Frederic must indeed think about his experience. The word realize is used in A Farewell to Arms to indicate the subjects coming to awareness; not just to know somethin g in the abstract, but to have it become real. The war-disgust the priest speaks of must come from this realization of war: the confrontation of the individuals expectations with the actual. Hemingways realizing strongly resembles Camuss definition of the Absurd. Both are relational. Both result in a loss of faith, a perspective skewed by the actual. In our Old Testament/New Testament paradigm, one would say that Meursault begins The Outsider already realizing the things Frederic Henry has just learned by the end of A Farewell to Arms. But there is another movement, too, and that is the re-education of Meursault into the society around him. For, just as Frederic must learn how words like glory, honor, or courage were obscene and only the names of places had dignity (p. 185), Meursault, who, we assume, does not give much credence to abstractions like these anyway, must learn what abstractions do refer to when he understands liberty (p. 76) and later guilt: And I felt something stirri ng up the whole room; for the first time I realized that I was guilty. (p. 87) Throughout Part II of The Outsider, Meursault begins to see that people (magistrate, prosecuting attorney, defense attorney) are making up narratives of his life. Perhaps he begins to see that such activity is inescapable. Gradually, we could argue, Meursault achieves consciousness he becomes aware of, he realizes, what it means to be an individual self in a community. Even if one does not attribute meaning to ones actions, others can and do attribute meanings to what they see us do. There is no early epiphany in The Outsider, no sudden change from Part I to Part II; there is a gradual realization on Meursaults part of the impossibility of escaping from language, values, and narratives. Frederic Henry learns a similar lesson, and in a similar fashion, when he is caught in the retreat from Caporetto. After reflecting on the hollowness of some words (p. 185), he learns of the dangers of language when he is identified by his accent and condemned to death. Meursault is perturbed by the ease with which societys institutions are able to manufacture causal explanations for the actions of individuals. Part one of the novel is a collection of events and actions which are then given meaning by (or through the eyes of) society in the shape of law, religion, and conventional morality in Part two. It is that fictional place outside of the text where the meaning for the character Meursault is established and then transferred to the reader by the text. What does it mean to drink a cup of coffee? An innocent cup of coffee in Part one becomes evidence of evil in Part two (in the eyes of the prosecuting magistrate) becomes an assertion of freedom in the final reading. Camus gives artistic life to the philosophical ideas of The Myth of Sisyphus in The Outsider, and particularly to the discussion of the search for truth. In the Myth Camus goes through an inventory of accepted sources for truth and fin ds them all lacking: first he tries religion, but surprisingly it is too relative, for which god is god; second he tries science, but finds that it offers not precision but metaphor (the world is like); third he tries logic, but finds that paradoxically it leads to contradiction (for if all statements are true is true then no statements are true must be one of the true statements). He is left with the I not the Cartesian I but the Humean I (a bundle of perceptions) as the foundation for a meaning system. Brave new world - Embrace misfits? Essay